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måndag 16 september 2024

Creating the Universe by Plucking a String 2

The previous post outlined a possible mechanism to create a large scale Universe U of non-negative mass density \rho from a small scale small amplitude perturbation of a zero gravitational potential with mass density "created" from a gravitational potential \phi by the instant action of the Laplacian differential operator \Delta acting in a Euclidean space with coordinate x according to the assignment   

  •  \rho (x,t)= \Delta\phi (x,t) for all x and t>0,               (G)
where t is a time coordinate starting at time 0. The only force in U so far is gravitational force -\rho\nabla\phi which together with Newton's 2nd Law describes the dynamics in U, which is large scale.

The physics of U is in a second step expanded with an electric potential V with electric field E=\nabla V as a small scale small amplitude perturbation of a zero electric potential with small scale large scale amplitude electric charge q of variable sign created by an assignment analogous to (G):
  • q(x,t)=\Delta V(x,t) for all x and t>0,                          (E)                 
with q=q_++q_- split into q_+\ge 0 and q_-\le 0. A further contribution is given by connecting E to a magnetic field B through Maxwell's equations into electro-magnetics.

The result is a Universe including large scale large amplitude physics of gravitation and small scale large amplitude electro-magnetics created from small amplitude perturbations according to (G) and (E) through the action of \Delta, as a Universe created by plucking two strings. 

Note the fundamental difference: 
  • Gravitational force is attractive/repulsive between masses of same/opposite sign. 
  • Universe of positive mass density separated from Universe of negative mass density. 
  • Electric force is repulsive/attractive between charges of same/opposite sign. 
  • Gravitational potential strong on large scale because mass density is non-negative and so add without cancellation, but weak on small scale.
  • Electric potential is strong on small scale short range but weak on medium/large scale because charge density has variable sign with cancellation.
  • Electro-magnetics of light on small/large scale. 
  • Laplacian differential operator fundamental as instant local action. 
  • No need of instant action at distance.  
  • The relative strength of electrostatic and gravitational force between a proton and an electron is nearly 10^{40}.  
The effect is a toy Universe of large scale non-negative mass density + small scale charge density of variable sign + large/small electro-magnetics of light captured by Newton + Maxwell + Schrödinger as a unified theory. Einstein has no role to play.


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