
- wave propagation
- propagation of energy by waves,
- two-way wave propagation
- one-way propagation of heat energy (from warm to cold).
Leibniz dreamed of machines that could calculate and reason. Three hundred and fifty years later, mathematics has created AI, a machine that can both calculate and reason—and thereby create new mathematics. Mathematics has become a tool for its own development. What is the role of human reasoning?

When controversies arise, there will be no more need of disputation between two philosophers than between two accountants. For it will suffice to take their pens in their hands, to sit down to their counting tables, and to say to each other: Let us calculate. Leibniz, The Art of Discovery (1685)
For when propositions are denied, there is an end
of them, but if they bee allowed, it requireth a
new worke. The Essais of Sr. Francis Bacon, London, 1612
The further a society drifts from the truth, the more it will hate those who speak it. George Orwell
Nothing is created by coincidence, rather there is reason and necessity for everything. Leukippus, 5th Century BC.
De Omnibus Dubitandum
Science advances one funeral at a time.
Max Planck
dont the air molecules move (i.e. show a sort of oscillatory behavior about a mean position without a 'net motion') when sound waves travel through air?
SvaraRaderaYes, they do, just like the beads of a vibrating string of beads.
SvaraRaderaClaes,
SvaraRaderaI think it is important not to make things complicated. The only thing one has to realize is that heat transfer by radiation is not qualitatively different from heat conduction and that is more or less the end of the story.
In the greenhouse business the radiative heat transfer acts as a heat pump counteracted by convection. Conduction would also counteract the greenhouse effect if it hadn't been neglected. But if heat radiation is essentially like heat conduction then the heat radiation would counteract the greenhouse effect, which is based on heat radiation and there we have the problem in a nutshell. The discussion about photons/waves is interesting in its own right but not really relevant here.
Moreover, we have to distinguish between heat transfer and energy transfer. If I through a ball up in the air i transfer energy to it. But I do not heat it.
I agree: thermodynamics sets the lapse rate, not radiation. Backradiation is based on particles, and one way to get rid of backradiation (as being unphysical) is to get rid of particles (as being unphysical).
SvaraRaderaClaes, You have question the existence of photons.
SvaraRaderaI found the following amongst my articles Thomas Marshal and Emilio Santos "The Myth of the Photon"
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9711046 (sorry if the link does on work -it works at my end)
I would be interested in your views.
regards
cementafriend
This is beyond my horizon, but I support the general idea of waves described by Maxwell's equations. And quantum mechanics is a wave field theory without any particles, as clearly stated by its inventor: Schrödinger,
SvaraRaderato whom particles represented primitive non-science.