lördag 24 augusti 2024

Harmony vs Disharmony between Newton and Maxwell

Special Relativity: Disharmony Newton-Maxwell
Many-Minds Relativity: Harmony Newton-Maxwell  

Modern physics was formed in the late 19th century in an effort to harmonize classical Newtonian mechanics with the new electromagnetics described by Maxwell's equations, in particular there was a need to connect material as matter of positive mass with immaterial light of zero mass. Many established physicists/mathematicians took on the challenge including Lorentz and Poincare, but its was the young Einstein as patent clerk in Bern in 1905 who took the lead with his Special Theory of Relativity SR based on the Lorentz transformation.

Today SR is viewed to be a fundamental part of modern physics, but the trouble is that SR rather than harmonising Newtonian mechanics with electromagnetics, discriminates Newtonian mechanics and in its place puts in relativistic mechanics (with new strange effects as space contraction and time dilation). The resulting disharmony Newton-Maxwell has fed the crisis of modern physics. 

It is thus a great loss to sack Newton's mechanics, and it is natural to ask if this is really necessary and maybe after all it is possible to find a route to harmony Newton-Maxwell. This is the goal of Many-Minds Relativity MMR. 

As a basic instance of harmony according to MMR let us consider propagation of light from a light source S to a receiver R viewed as propagation of light in Euclidean $x$-coordinates with the receiver R fixed at the origin $x=0$. We follow the 2019 SI Standard and determine the spatial scale in the $x$-system by travel time of light according to Maxwell's equations expressed in $x$-coordinates assuming a preset speed of light of exactly 299792458 meter/second with time set by a standard caesium atomic clock. 

We may think of the source S as an oscillating material charge generating a standing immaterial electromagnetic wave which interacts with a material charge as the receiver R. This means that material at S connects to material at R through electromagnetic waves as a resonance phenomenon. 

Extension to a moving source is direct, which introduces a Doppler effect. 

We note that the speed of light is preset to a certain SI Standard value, which means that the speed of light for any connection between source and receiver is the same, by SI Standard definition. We understand that the wave physics for any connection source-receiver is the same in the sense that the same Maxwell's equations in a coordinate system fixed to the receiver is used, which gives a rationale for the standard. All source-receiver systems are alike in the sense that the spatial scale on a Euclidean coordinate system fixed to the source is determined by the same Maxwell's equations with a preset speed of light. 

We have now covered the case of many sources an one receiver at $x=0$ with Maxwell's equations expressed in a Euclidean $x$-coordinates with spatial scale determined by travel time of light with preset speed which is in full harmony with Newton's mechanics in $x$-coordinates.

We also have to consider the case of several receiver's moving with constant velocity with respect to each other and ask to what extent observations using different receivers can be made to agree, which means that full agreement is not possible and nor needed. This the subject of MMR.

Notice that the a connection between the material and immaterial world is established by the 2019 SI Standard where the geometry of the material world is determined by travel time of immaterial light. This was not the situation confronting Einstein in 1905 forcing geometry measured by material meter sticks to be subject to strange effects of space contraction according to SR.  

The 2019 SI Standard effectively pulls the carpet under SR, by imposing the same speed of light on all observers thus leaving the Lorentz transformation without any role. But this is shocking to a physicist of today trained to view the Lorentz transformation as the incarnation of modern physics as a core belief not to be given up easily. 

Summary: 

  • In SR Newton does not fit with Maxwell and so Newton is modified to relativistic mechanics.
  • In MMR Newton fits with Maxwell more or less and does not need modification.
  • SR: disharmony Newton-Maxwell.
  • MMR: harmony Newton-Maxwell.

And what about you, harmony or disharmony?

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