söndag 22 februari 2026

Real/Analog Physics vs Formal/Digital Physics

It is natural to view real/analog physics to be physics performed by nature without interaction/observation by any human mind/machine. Like the physics of the Moon as it evolves around the Earth over time form one time instant to the   to physical gravitational/acceleration forces as a form of analog time stepping. 

On the other hand, formal/digital physics is performed by human minds/computers in the form of analysis/computation in mathematical models, like computing the orbit of the Moon by digital time-stepping of Newton's equations expressing mathematical gravitational/acceleration forces.   

Ideally the time-stepping of formal/digital physics mimics that of real/analog physics in the sense that mathematical forces represent physical forces. This is typically the case with the Newtonian Mechanics NM of classical physics.  

Let us now consider Quantum Mechanics QM as the essence of modern atom physics. More precisely, let us consider Molecular Dynamics MD as an atomic version of Newtonian Dynamics. A molecule consists of a collection of (heavy) nuclei kept together by a collection of (light) electrons. Computational simulation of molecules as MD is typically performed assuming nuclei move classically subject to pseudo-forces computed as gradients $\nabla E$ of a total energy $E$ with respect to nuclei positions. 

The pseudo-forces have no physical origin because the total energy $E$ has no physical representation. Nature does not store total energy in any physical form, like mass, and so Nature has no way of computing $\nabla E$. The pseudo-forces thus do not represent physical forces. 

MD is thus based on pseudo-forces with unclear relation to real physical forces, which has served as a basic unresolved problem of QM since start 100 years ago.

RealQM/RealSE is an alternative version of QM which delivers physical forces bringing MD closer to real physics.

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