- Can all chemical bonding be explained/understood from electron charge density distribution?
we receive the concise answer:
- Yes, all bonding phenomena arise from electron charge density distribution interacting with nuclei.
with the following qualification that electron charge density explains:
- Bond lengths
- Bond energies
- Molecular geometry
- Polarity
- Reactivity trends
- Hydrogen bonding
- All follow from the electron charge density and nuclear configuration.
So it seems that Chemistry essentially is all about electron charge density distribution, which is also something which can be measured experimentally for each specific configuration/molecule.
How does that fit with the theoretical foundation of Chemistry in terms of the physics of textbook Standard Quantum Mechanics StdQM? Does StdQM deliver electron charge density?
Not really. What is delivered by StdQM is expectation value of charge density as an integral over configuration space of the square of a multi-dimensional wave function.
We detect a gap/tension between charge density distribution in terms of real physics and StdQM expectation value over configuration space without real physics. This tension has not been resolved despite major efforts of the 100 years since StdQM was formed.
We compare with RealQM as an alternative to StdQM based on non-overlapping electron charge densities as real physics. In this case there is no gap/tension and it is possible to view physical charge density to define all of chemistry as physics.

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