Leibniz dreamed of machines that could calculate and reason. Three hundred and fifty years later, mathematics has created AI, a machine that can both calculate and reason—and thereby create new mathematics. Mathematics has become a tool for its own development.
What is the role of human reasoning?
söndag 31 mars 2024
AIRS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Measuring Temperature
This is a follow up to the previous post on a debate with Will Happer concerning satellite measurement of Earth atmosphere: What is directly measured at distance: temperature or radiation? My view is that temperature is directly measured and so can be reliable, while radiation is computed using some complex software for radiative heat transfer and so is unreliable. It seems that Happer is not perfectly happy with such a clear statement but does not give a clear alternative.
Let us see take a look at the most advanced system, which is the AIRS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder monitored by NASA presented as follows:
AIRS is the first instrument ever to produce a three dimensional map of temperature and water vapour in the atmosphere directly measured from satellites:
We understand AIRS directly measures temperature at distance and that this can be very useful information!
We recall that there are several instruments like bolometers, pyrgeometers and infrared cameras which read temperature at distance typically using a thermopile sensor taking on source temperature at one end by radiative equilibrium at distance (like a thermometer in contact) and instrument reference temperature at the other end thereby reporting a voltage depending on temperature difference, thus reporting source temperature.
Why is then Happer speaking about measuring radiation? It is because global warming alarmism is based on an idea that the Earth absorbs more energy from the Sun than it emits to outer space as Outgoing Longwave Radiation OLR. Evidence is then presented as measured incoming and outgoing radiation, of size around 340 W/m2, from which a difference of less 1% is obtained and reported as alarming. That requires high precision measurement outgoing radiation from direct measurement and so it must be tempting to believe that this is what AIRS offers. But it does not.
Happer is not a climate alarmist, but he seems to be stuck with the alarmist dream of measuring OLR to a very high precision. Strange.
PS We may compare reading temperature vs radiation with determining a persons bank net vs determining the power of the person. The bank net can be directly read which is not possible for power.
Similarly, all lake side properties around the lake share the level of the lake, while their value is more difficult to decide.
When controversies arise, there will be no more need of disputation between two philosophers than between two accountants. For it will suffice to take their pens in their hands, to sit down to their counting tables, and to say to each other: Let us calculate. Leibniz, The Art of Discovery (1685)
For when propositions are denied, there is an end
of them, but if they bee allowed, it requireth a
new worke. The Essais of Sr. Francis Bacon, London, 1612
The further a society drifts from the truth, the more it will hate those who speak it. George Orwell
Nothing is created by coincidence, rather there is reason and necessity for everything. Leukippus, 5th Century BC.
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