This is a follow up the post Anniversary: When Physics Went Wrong 1926
Schrödinger was very happy with his Schrödinger Equation SE for the Hydrogen atom with one electron formulated in early1926 as a partial differential equation of the form of classical continuum mechanics in a Euclidean space $\Re^3$ of 3 dimensions, because he could show by analytical mathematics that the eigenvalues of SE agreed with the already known Rydberg formula for the observed spectrum of the H atom, and so solved an outstanding open problem.
But Schrödinger was very unhappy with the formal generalisation to atoms with $N>1$ which quickly followed applauded by Bohr-Born-Heisenberg, because it came with an extension of physical space $\Re^3$ to $\Re^{3N}$ referred to as configuration space, which is not physical space for $N>1$.
Schrödinger wanted a to see a mathematical model with physical meaning as possible to visualize as a model in 3d physical space $\Re^3$.
But the SE was formulated in terms of a wave function $\Psi (x_1,...,x_N )$ depending on $N$ 3d coordinates $x_1,....,x_N$, one for each electron, that is a wave function $\Psi (x)$ depending on $x=(x_1,...,x_N)\in\Re^{3N}$ as configuration space. The water molecule $H_2O$ would then be described by a wave function $\Psi (x)$ depending on $x\in\Re^{30}$ way beyond computational resolution.
A configuration space $\Re^{3N}$ was repugnant to Schrödinger and so he desperately sought a way to compress the wave function over configuration space to $\Re^3$. In a letter to Lorentz on June 6 1926 Schrödinger writes:
- If we now have to deal with $N$ particles, then $\Psi (x_1,...,x_N )$ is a function of $N$ variables $x_1$,...,$x_N$ over $N$ 3d spaces $R_1,...R_N$.
- Now first let $R_1$ be identified with the real space $\Re^3$ and integrate over $R_2, …,R_N$.
- Second, identify $R_2$ with the real space and integrate over $R_1, R_3,...,R_N$ and so on.
- The $N$ individual results are to be added after they have been multiplied by certain constants which characterise the particles.
- I consider the result to be the electric charge density in real space.
- $\Psi (x) =\Psi_1(x)+...+\Psi_N(x)$
where $\Psi_i(x)$ for $x\in \Omega_i$ is the wave function representing an electron charge density with support over $\Omega_i$, where $\Omega_1,...,\Omega_N$ is a subdivision of $\Re^3$ without overlap.

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