tisdag 1 juli 2025

Resolution of Hilbert's 6th Problem

Sabine Hossenfelder in her last post tells about a possible breakthrough by mathematicians on a 125 year-old physics problem formulated as Hilbert's 6th Problem concerning the emergence of irreversibility in reversible laws of physics expressed in the 2nd law of thermodynamics or arrow of time.  

The proclaimed breakthrough appears to be another resort to statistics based on an idea that the evolution of a physical system forward in time is more probable than backward in time: Physical systems tend to evolve from less probable states to more probable states. This may seem convincing to some, but the physics of such a statement appears elusive. 

I have presented a resolution which is not based on statistics but on finite precision computation meeting instability as big effects from small causes appearing in backward time. This is the problem of unscrambling a scrambled egg, which requires precision overpowering instability. If physics is limited by finite precision, then the precise separation required for unscrambling cannot be performed and so the scrambling of an egg becomes irreversible. This has nothing to do with statistics, but is simply a lack of sufficient precision to overpower instability. This is all carefully explained in Computational Thermodynamics and blog posts on the 2nd law. 

Does Quantum Mechanics Explain Chemistry?

There is an extensive literature seeking to come to grips with the following Question: Is chemistry explained by the physics of the Schrödinger Equation SE as basis of Quantum Mechanics QM? Physicists in general claim that this is so, without supplying much detail of any QM explanation, while chemists wanting to see the details in general resort to their own explanations with only vague connection to QM. 

The basic trouble is that solutions to SE are uncomputable for multi-electron molecules and so cannot be inspected to reveal the physics of chemical bonding as the central aspect of the Question. What is available are other equations supposedly motivated by SE for which solutions can be omputed, but then with unclear status as approximate solutions to SE. In practice this works to accept approximate solutions which fit with observation and reject those who do not. This can result in ad hoc fitting of model to data missing the predictive first principle power of SE, then taken for granted. 

Here is an illuminating discussion with chatGPT showing how the scientific community grapples with the Question.

My own grapple has resulted in RealQM as Real Quantum Chemistry.