A common view among modern physicists is that the Periodic Table is explained by the modern physics of quantum mechanics based on a linear multi-dimensional Schrödinger equation.
The ground state of the one-electron distribution of a Hydrogen atom can be computed analytically to be given by a spherically symmetric wave function decaying with the distance r from the kernel like \exp (-r), which is referred as a 1S state, with energy -\frac{1}{2} Hartree in full agreement with observation.
The ground state of Helium as the next element in the table with two electrons, is presented to be 1S^2 in the form of two electrons with the same 1S wave function sharing space around the kernel (with different so called spin to coexist). The ground state energy computes to -2.75 Hartree, while observed energy is -2.903 Hartree. The state 1S^2 is thus not the ground state.
When confronted with this fact, ChatGPT gives the following response, after consulting the literature:
- The 1S^2 state is not fundamentally correct as the ground state of helium because it fails to account for essential electron correlation and yields an incorrect energy. While it can serve as a useful approximation and educational tool, the true ground state is a correlated quantum state that cannot be reduced to 1S^2. Thus, any claim of its "conceptual correctness" must be qualified and limited to its role as a crude first-order approximation.
- The 1S^2 concept can be misleading if presented as the full description of helium's ground state. While it serves as a useful approximation and pedagogical tool, it oversimplifies the true quantum nature of the system. To avoid misconceptions, it’s crucial to contextualize 1S^2 as a starting point in understanding helium, not the definitive or complete description.
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