Standard physical chemistry/quantum theory says that the Helium He atom does not form molecules of two or three atoms into He2 and He3, because the two electrons "fill" the valence shell around the +2 kernel of He and so do not interact with the valence shell of any other atoms including He. In short, standard quantum theory tells that the He2 or He3 molecules do not exist.
But this theory is contradicted by e.g. the research group of Voigtsberger reporting on observations of He3 as noted by Phys.org:
- Science has long since known that, contrary to the old school of thought, helium forms molecules of two, three or even more atoms.
Ok, so the standard quantum theory of the old school of thought says that He2 and He3 molecules do not exist, which since long is known to be wrong, but then evidently has been kept secret to not disturb the proclaimed validity of standard quantum theory.
Let us now see what the new school of thought of Real Quantum Mechanics RealQM tells us about the total energy of He2 as two He atoms at small distance, and then compare with the energy at larger distance.
RealQM gives He2 the energy -6.38 Hartree at a certain smaller distance, while 2He at larger distance is given the energy -5.73 Hartree, to be compared with list value for He of -2.903 or 2H of -5.806. We see that Real QM predicts the existence of a He2 molecule because it has smaller energy than 2 separated He atoms (test yourself with pjs-code):
Compare with the previous post intoxicated by the old school of thought/qunatum theory predicting that He2 does not exist, illustrating the power of theory even when contradicting observation. Evidently reason wins: If H forms H2, then He can be expected to form He2, since He is like two H on top…
Here are results on finer mesh (try p5js-code) with the same message that He2 exists:
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