John Clauser shared the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger for
- groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated. Their results have cleared the way for new technology based upon quantum information.
- One key factor in this development is how quantum mechanics allows two or more particles to exist in what is called an entangled state. What happens to one of the particles in an entangled pair determines what happens to the other particle, even if they are far apart (supposedly disproving Einstein's requirement of local realism).
In his Nobel Lecture John Clauser is keen to make a confession (last slide at 1.22.30 see above) that he does not understand the physical meaning of Quantum Mechanics QM expressed by Schrödinger's equation for a wave function $\Psi$ over a configuration space of 3N dimensions for an atomic system with N>1 electrons.
To Clauser as an experimental physicist there is the 3-dimensional lab space, where his experiments are performed, and there is a 3N-dimensional configuration space supporting the wave function, and he wants to make it very clear that he does not understand their connection.
This is remarkable because entanglement is a direct reflection of the multidimensional nature of configuration space for $N>1$. Entanglement is built into Schrödinger's equation för any atomic system with more than one electron. But it is a property of a wave function over a configuration space and not lab space.
Clauser gets the Nobel Prize for an experiment in lab space supposedly giving support to entanglement as an effect in configuration space, while admitting that he does not understand the connection between lab space and configuration space.
Can you understand this? Clauser is not the first physicist to express that he does not understand QM in configuration space, in fact all do, but it is of particular weight in the context of experimental verification in lab space of an effect in configuration space. Is there a possibility of misinterpretation?
In particular, Clauser expresses strong frustration with quantum theorists asking him as experimentalist to verify in lab space effects which can only exist in configuration space, and so he finishes by throwing out the following provoking question to his theoretical physics friends, if any left: Can two black holes be entangled?
Clauser shows his deep belief in real physics as competitive sailor.
For a version of Schrödinger's equation over lab space see Real Quantum Mechanics.
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