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Schrödinger was not happy with mainstream quantum mechanics, nor his cat. |
The foundation of modern physics in the form of quantum mechanics is Schrödinger's equation formulated by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926 for the Hydrogen atom H with one electron as a partial differential equation of simple form in 3d Euclidean space with coordinate x allowing analytical solution with eigenvalues in full agreement with the spectrum of H. The ground state electronic wave function as eigenfunction was given by the exponential function \psi (x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}\exp(-\vert x\vert ) decaying with distance \vert x\vert from the H kernel at x=0 with \psi (x)^2 representing charge density with total charge \int\psi(x)^2dx=1.
Schrödinger was very happy with his equation for the H atom since its eigenfunctions had a clear physical meaning as charge densities in a classical continuum mechanics sense.
It remained to extend Schrödinger's equation to atoms with many electrons and this work was done in cooperation with other physicist including Born and Pauli, in the form of a purely formal trivial extension adding a new set of 3d spatial variables for each new electron into model in 3N dimensions for an atom with N electrons to form Standard Quantum Mechanics StdQM. This development made Schrödinger very unhappy, since the eigenfunctions of the multi-dimensional model no longer had any real physical meaning, only a statistical meaning invented by Born. Schrödinger insisted that this could not be accepted but was overpowered and found no place in the further development until making a last fruitless effort in the 1950s to bring realism back to quantum mechanics.
RealQM offers a new form of Schrödinger's equation as different generalisation of the one-electron model in the form of a system of non-overlapping charge densities with direct physical meaning. This model satisfies Schrödinger's demands of realism.
Michel Bitbol gives in Schrödinger's Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics a detailed review of Schrödinger's successive positions from start to end, including the information that from 1928 Schrödinger resigned himself from teaching mainstream quantum mechanics.
The lack of realism of StdQM is accepted by physicists, but poses problems for a chemist used to think of molecules as real physical structures in 3d kept together in chemical bonding. RealQM offers consolation for a chemist troubled to fit such a realist view with formalist StdQM.
Bitbol writes:
- Pauli went as far as denouncing Schrodinger's "neurotic" regression and accusing him of entertaining the dream of a way back, back to the classical style of Newton-Maxwell, that is hopeless, off the way, bad taste and not even a lovely dream.
- Many physicists rejected Schrodinger's proposals, without even bothering go examine his arguments with any care.
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