fredag 19 maj 2023

Do Galaxies Recede at a Speed larger than the Speed of Light?

Maximally observed redshift  z=8.

The light from far away galaxies receding from us with a speed $v$ is received with a redshift frequency factor given by the Doppler effect formula with the speed of light normalised to 1: 

  • $f=\frac{1}{1+v}$
or in alternative common notation
  • $1+z=\frac{1}{f}$
with $z=v$. This is a consequence of Maxwell's equations in a Euclidean space coordinate system fixed to Earth in accordance with the cosmological model of Many-Minds Relativity. There is no compelling reason to reject Maxwell's equations as a correct model of the propagation of light. There is no compelling reason to invoke any coordinate system moving with respect to Earth since observations are made on Earth not in receding galaxies. Since thus only one coordinate system is used, Einstein's special theory of relativity with objective to coordinate observations in different coordinate systems according to the Lorentz transformation, does not appear to have anything to offer.  

The largest observed redshift is about $z=8$ (see above figure) indicating a recession speed 8 times larger than the speed of light. Observations thus indicate an expansion speed of the Universe which is much larger than the speed of light. This seems to be in contradiction with Einstein's basic postulate of the speed of light in vacuum as maximal speed of both light and matter.  

In short, no real physics appears to prevent the Universe from expanding faster than the speed of light, and  this is what in fact is observed. This puts a big question mark to Einstein's basic postulate. 

Since light governed by Maxwell's equations does not seem to interact with Newton's mechanics for the motion of material bodies (explored in more detail in Many-Minds Relativity), there is no reason to expect that the speed of light sets a limit to the possible recession speed of material bodies. In Leibnizian terms, there is no sufficient reason for something like that to be true. In addition, observations show recession speeds much larger than the speed of light. Your conclusion?

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