fredag 24 februari 2023

New Newtonian Cosmology vs Cosmic Inflation


Cosmic Inflation is a theory put forward by in particular Alan Guth explaining the origin of Big Bang as a false vacuum releasing negative pressure in a decay from a metastable to a more stable state driving a quick exponential expansion named inflation.  The time scale is small: from $10^{−36}$ seconds to between $10^{−33}$ and $10^{−32}$ seconds after the Big Bang. Mind boggling! 

The New Newtonian Cosmology discussed in recent posts connects to Cosmic Inflation with a different view on negative pressure as repulsion between mass density $\rho (x)=\Delta\phi (x)$ of different sign created from a fluctuation of gravitational potential $\phi (x)$ with $\Delta$ the Laplacian differential operator with respect to a spatial coordinate $x$, with following energy balance

  • $\int\vert\nabla\phi\vert^2dx = - \int\rho\phi dx$.          (E) 

The energy driving Cosmic Inflation is supposed to come from a false vacuum decaying into lower energy,  leaving a question about the formation of the false vacuum?  

In New Newtonian Cosmology expansion comes from repulsion between mass densities of different sign appearing from a gravitational potential fluctuation acting on a tensed drum skin, leaving a question about the origin the tension of the drum skin?

Which question has a better answer? Both answers connect to observations of a uniform very sparse flat (zero curvature) Universe as the result of an expansion still going on.  

In New Newtonian Cosmology the compression comes from a micro-scale small fluctuation of a gravitational potential $\phi (x)$ combined with the local action of the Laplacian creating substantial mass density $\rho (x)$ of variable sign subject to gravitational repulsion $-\rho\nabla\phi$ and with substantial contribution to gravitational potential energy as the right hand side of the energy balance (E) by the action of the gradient $\nabla$. The Laplacian and the gradient thus act against a spatial background which can be seen as a drum skin before hit. 

The prerequisite in New Newtonian Cosmology is thus a three-dimensional Euclidean space with gradient and Laplacian differential operators in which substantial gravitational potential energy is created from a gravitational potential fluctuation into receding Universa of positive and negative mass. The accumulated gravitational potential energy is then used to create the World in gravitational collapse. The Creator thus appears to have been an applied mathematician. 

What can be said about the false vacuum of Cosmic Inflation? Here is an answer by Sabine Hossenfelder.

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