
- Q12 = sigma (T2^4 - T1^4), where T2 is bigger than T1.
This can be viewed as a 2nd Law of Radiation expressing heat transfer from warm to cold.
In the literature, this law is found in the form
- Q12 = sigma T2^4 - sigma T1^4,
supposedly being obtained from Stefan-Boltzmann's Law for one blackbody of temperature T radiating into a surrounding at 0 K, of the form
by an ad hoc combination viewing
- sigma T2^4 to be the heat transferred from 2 to 1 (as if T1 = 0)
- sigma T1^4 the heat transfered from 1 to 2 (as if T2=0).
But a proof that this ad hoc combination reflects physics is missing, and even worse it has led to a misinterpretation of Stefan-Boltzmann's Law as expressing "backradiation" as heat transferred from a cold to warm body (transfer from 1 to 2 even if T1 is smaller than T2).
This misinterpretation of Stefan-Boltzmann's Law underlies global warming alarmism with atmospheric greenhouse gases capable of warming an Earth surface, which is warmer than the atmosphere.
My new derivation of Stefan-Boltzmann's Law gives no support to the ad hoc version
with "backradiation" from cold to warm.
This leads to the requirement that all those who use "backradiation" as the basis of their climate alarmism rooted in many institutions around the world, as well as many misled skeptics, come up with a proof of their Stefan-Boltzmann Law harboring the phenomenon of "backradiation". The question to all these thousands of scientists is:
- Where is the beef? Where is the proof of their version of SB with "backradiation"?
Scientific laws require rational theoretical motivation (and experimental testing) and cannot
be allowed to be invented ad hoc, e.g. by some ad hoc algebraic manipulation without physical significance, as in the freely invented version of SB with "backradiation" without justification.
What is required is a proof of a 2nd Law of Radiation. I have given one proof without "backradiation". Those who speak about "backradiation" are asked to justify their usage of this term. Without justification it has no place in science.
As a defense, it is commonly said that the 2nd Law is a law of physics which can neither be understood nor proved, but yet is one of the basic laws of physics which can only be true
and as such cannot be questioned. But this respresents a degeneration of the most important
principle Descarte's scientific rationality of not believing in anything unless there is a good reason to do so. To uncritically worship a 2nd Law without motivation is not science,
only mysticism. Proofs can be given and proofs must be given. So where is the beef? Hot or cold?
The following counter-argument will certainly be posed: Algebraically there is no difference between (1) Q12 = sigma (T2^4 - T1^4) and (2) Q12 = sigma T2^4 - sigma T1^4, and so what difference can it make in physical reality?
Yes, there is a difference in reality, because in (2) Q12 results from cancellation of transfers in opposing directions, while in (1) Q12 is directly given as a net transfer from warm to cold. The difference between (1) and (2) is most pronounced if T1 = T2 with a zero net flow in (1), while zero net flow in (2) requires exact cancellation of gross quantities, which is an unstable process in the sense that small variations in the gross transfers may alter the net flow considerably.
But an unstable system cannot persist over time which means that (2) cannot be expected to reflect physical reality, and a justification is also lacking. In other words: "Backradiation" is
a fictitious invented phenomenon resulting from an ad hoc algebraically invented radiation law without physical reality and without any justification.